Taxation

Course Code: BBA-AUD 240
Credit Hours: 3
Semester Offered: Year 2 (Semester 3 or 4)

Course Description

This course introduces students to the principles, laws, and practices of taxation with emphasis on both direct and indirect taxes. It explores the role of taxation in economic development, types of taxes, tax administration, and compliance requirements. The course equips students with knowledge and skills in computing various taxes, interpreting tax legislation, and preparing tax returns for individuals and businesses. Attention is given to ethical and legal considerations in tax practice, as well as current trends in tax policy and international taxation.

Course Objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Understand the principles and objectives of taxation in modern economies.

2. Explain the structure of tax systems (direct and indirect taxes).

3. Interpret basic provisions of tax laws and regulations.

4. Compute income tax liability for individuals and businesses.

5. Apply tax planning principles for legal minimization of tax liability.

6. Discuss issues of tax avoidance, tax evasion, and ethics in taxation.

Learning Outcomes

Upon completion, students will be able to:

• Explain the role of taxation in government revenue and economic stability.

• Correctly compute taxable income and tax payable under given laws.

• Prepare and file tax returns for individuals and companies.

• Assess the impact of tax policies on business decision-making.

• Demonstrate awareness of ethical practices in taxation.

Key Topics

1. Introduction to Taxation

   • Meaning, objectives, and role of taxation

   • Principles of taxation (equity, certainty, convenience, efficiency)

   • Classification of taxes: direct vs. indirect

2. Tax Laws & Administration

   • Overview of tax authorities and administration

   • Taxpayer rights and obligations

   • Legal framework of taxation in business

3. Income Tax

   • Definition of income under tax laws

   • Computation of taxable income for individuals

   • Corporate income tax computation

   • Allowable deductions, exemptions, and reliefs

4. Indirect Taxes

   • Value Added Tax (VAT) / Goods & Services Tax (GST)

   • Customs and excise duties

   • Withholding taxes

5. Tax Planning & Management

   • Distinction between tax avoidance and evasion

   • Legal tax planning strategies for businesses and individuals

   • Impact of taxation on investment and financing decisions

6. International Taxation

   • Double taxation and treaties

   • Transfer pricing basics

   • Global tax reforms (OECD, BEPS, digital taxation)

7. Ethics in Taxation

   • Professional conduct of tax practitioners

   • Corporate governance and tax responsibility

   • Contemporary debates in tax justice

Teaching Methods

• Lectures and interactive class discussions

• Practical tax computation exercises

• Case studies on tax compliance and disputes

• Group projects on tax planning scenarios

Assessment Methods

• Assignments & Practical Exercises (20%)

• Midterm Examination (20%)

• Group Project/Case Study (10%)

• Final Examination (50%)

???? Recommended Textbooks & References

1. Lymer, A., & Oats, L. – Taxation: Policy and Practice

2. James, S., & Nobes, C. – The Economics of Taxation

3. Local Government Tax Acts and Statutory Instruments (country-specific)

4. OECD Publications on International Taxation

Do you want me to prepare two separate descriptions:

• Taxation I (Fundamentals of Taxation)

• Taxation II (Advanced & International Taxation)

???? since your BBA in Auditing outline has both?